Struck-by incidents are one of OSHA's Focus Four causes of construction deaths. Here is how to keep crews out of the line of fire.
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Struck-by is one of the Focus Four
OSHA identifies four leading causes of construction deaths, known as the Focus Four: falls, struck-by, caught-in or between and electrocution. Struck-by incidents happen when a worker is hit by a moving vehicle, a falling object, a swinging load or flying debris.
Vehicles and equipment
Backing trucks, loaders and excavators are a major risk. Use spotters, backup alarms and clear traffic patterns that separate workers from equipment. Never walk behind a backing vehicle.
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Be seen
High-visibility vests or clothing are essential near traffic and equipment. Operators must be able to see workers, especially at dawn, dusk and in bad weather.
Falling objects
- Toe boards, debris nets and tool lanyards when working at height.
- Barricades below overhead work.
- Hard hats for everyone in the area.
Suspended loads
Never work under a suspended load. Use tag lines to control loads and keep a clear zone during crane and hoist operations.
Flying debris
Grinders, saws, nail guns and compressed air can throw particles. Proper guards, eye and face protection and safe tool use prevent most injuries.
Roadway work zones
Work near public roads needs a traffic control plan, signs, cones and flaggers trained for the job. Passing drivers are not paying attention to your crew.
Include it in daily planning
Discuss struck-by risks in the pre-task plan whenever equipment, overhead work or traffic is involved. Hazards change every day as the job moves.
Speak up
Encourage any worker to stop an operation when someone is in the line of fire. A few seconds of interruption prevents serious injuries.
Housekeeping prevents injuries
Loose materials at height, debris near edges and unsecured stacks become projectiles in wind or when bumped. Clean work areas and secured materials remove many struck-by hazards before they start.
Know the blind spots
Show workers where operators cannot see them around each machine. A short walkaround of the equipment during orientation makes blind spots real, not theoretical.
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Frequently asked questions
What are the Focus Four hazards in construction?
Falls, struck-by, caught-in or between and electrocution, the four leading causes of construction deaths identified by OSHA.