Ladders look simple, which is exactly why crews get careless. Here are the basics that prevent most ladder falls.
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Ladders cause more injuries than people expect
Ladders are on almost every jobsite and look simple, which is exactly why crews get careless with them. Falls from ladders are a leading cause of construction injuries. Most happen from low heights, during quick tasks, when someone skips a basic step.
Choose the right ladder
Match the ladder to the task, height and load rating, including the worker's weight plus tools and materials. Use non-conductive ladders near electrical work. When a task requires reaching far or working long hours, a scaffold or lift may be safer.
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Inspect before use
- Cracked or bent rails and rungs.
- Missing feet, locks or spreaders.
- Oil, mud or paint on the steps.
Tag damaged ladders and remove them from service immediately.
Set it up correctly
For extension ladders, use roughly a 4-to-1 angle: one foot out at the base for every four feet of height. When used to access an upper level, the side rails should extend at least 3 feet above the landing. Place it on stable, level ground and secure it.
Three points of contact
Face the ladder and keep two hands and a foot or two feet and a hand in contact while climbing. Carry tools in a belt or hoist them up, not in your hands.
Stay off the top
Do not stand on the top step or top cap of a stepladder, or on rungs above the manufacturer's limit. Overreaching is one of the most common causes of falls.
Stepladders are not extension ladders
Do not lean a closed stepladder against a wall. Open it fully with the spreaders locked.
Train the crew
OSHA requires training for workers who use ladders. A short practical session on inspection, setup and climbing, repeated each season, prevents most incidents.
Make it a habit
Supervisors who correct ladder misuse on the spot, every time, set the standard. A quick task is never a reason to skip the basics.
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Frequently asked questions
How far should a ladder extend above the landing?
When an extension ladder is used to reach an upper level, the side rails should extend at least 3 feet above the landing.